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英國 PS 個人陳述怎麼寫?台生最常犯的 5 個錯誤

UCAS Personal Statement(個人陳述)是英國大學申請中最被低估卻最具影響力的文書。許多台灣學生重視成績、IELTS,卻對 PS 草率應對。事實上,在成績相近的申請人中,PS 的質量往往決定了 Offer 與拒絕的分水嶺。本文深入分析 PS 寫作架構,並剖析台灣學生最常犯的 5 個致命錯誤。

什麼是 Personal Statement?為什麼它如此重要?

Personal Statement 是 UCAS 申請中唯一讓招生官認識你個性、思維方式、學術熱情的機會。成績單冷冰冰地列出分數,推薦信來自他人眼光,唯有 PS 才能向大學呈現你是誰、你為什麼適合這個科系、你有何獨特之處。

英國大學招生官每年審視數千份申請,其中成績(A-Level、IB、學測)可能有 80% 相似,但 PS 卻能把申請人區分為「印象深刻」與「模糊一片」兩類。劍橋大學官方曾披露,他們在競爭激烈的科系(如自然科學)中,PS 的權重佔申請決定的 30-40%,與成績相當。

台灣學生在 PS 寫作上往往面臨文化與教育方式的衝突。台灣高中強調整體成績與考試表現,個人表達與自我行銷被視為「驕傲」或「不謙虛」。但英國教育體系期待學生明確表達自信、論述自己的想法、展現個人特色。這種期待差異導致許多台灣申請人的 PS 顯得被動、籠統、缺乏個性。

Personal Statement 的基本規格

字數限制:4000 字,47 行(換行符不計)

提交平台:UCAS 線上申請系統

適用範圍:申請所有 5 所大學使用同一份 PS(不能針對不同大學客製化)

評分方式:招生官通常 5 分鐘內瀏覽一份 PS,僅約 15-20% 的申請者會被標記「讀完全文」

這意味著你的 PS 首段必須在 30 秒內抓住招生官的注意力。冗長的背景介紹、過度的修辭詞匯都會導致招生官快速放棄。

高分 PS 的寫作架構(4000 字版本)

一份高分 PS 通常分為五個段落,各司其職:

段落 1:開場鉤子(200-300 字)

目的是在 30 秒內抓住招生官興趣。避免老套的開場如「Since I was a child…」或「I have always been passionate about…」。

好的開場範例

「At age 14, I discovered that my high school’s solar panel installation was consuming more electricity than it generated, due to miscalibrated wiring. I spent three months learning circuit design, recruited two classmates, and rewired the system, reducing its net energy consumption by 35%. This incident crystallised my understanding that physics is not merely theoretical—it is the language through which we solve real-world problems.」

這個開場為什麼有效?因為它:

差的開場範例

「Physics is my passion. Ever since I was young, I have been fascinated by the laws of nature and how they explain the universe. I believe studying physics at university will help me achieve my dreams.」

為什麼這個開場失敗?因為它:

段落 2:學術興趣深化(600-800 字)

第二段應深化第一段的興趣,展示你對科系領域的具體知識與思考深度。這是區別「有興趣」與「真正懂」的關鍵段落。

寫作要點

  1. 列舉 2-3 個具體學術興趣,不是籠統的科系介紹。例如不要寫「I love mathematics」,而是寫「I am particularly interested in how differential equations model population dynamics, especially in predicting ecosystem collapse」。

  2. 引用自主學習。台灣學生應在 PS 中體現「我不只學校教的,還自己深化」。例如讀過《黑洞戰爭》理解量子信息論,或自主研究過某個議題。

  3. 展示批判性思維。不是被動接受知識,而是質疑、分析、重新思考。例如「While my chemistry teacher taught me that atoms are indivisible, I questioned whether quantum tunneling challenges this assumption, leading me to explore quantum mechanics」。

  4. 連結課程與現實應用。為什麼你對該科系感興趣?是為了解決真實問題嗎?例如申請環境科學可寫「I became interested in environmental remediation after reading about the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and realised that chemistry could directly address ecological crises」。

段落 2 範例(工程系申請):

「My interest in structural engineering crystallised during a visit to the Taiwan earthquake engineering museum, where I learned that the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake killed nearly 2,400 people because many buildings lacked seismic design principles. I then independently studied how base isolation and damping systems reduce structural stress, and calculated how a re-engineering of a hypothetical building would reduce ground acceleration transfer by 40%. This project revealed to me that engineering is ultimately about protecting human life, not merely calculating loads. I am particularly fascinated by how finite element analysis can predict structural failure before physical collapse occurs, a field I plan to specialise in at university.」

段落 3:課外活動與軟實力(500-700 字)

第三段應選擇 2-3 個最具代表性的課外活動或社會實踐,並說明它們如何體現了支持申請科系的個人特質。

常見錯誤:列舉過多活動(「I am captain of debate team, member of robotics club, volunteer at hospital…」),招生官無法看出你最真實的自己。應該選擇深度而非廣度。

好的課外活動敘述

不要寫:「I am captain of the debate team, which helped me develop communication skills.」

要寫:「As debate team captain, I led our team to the national finals by developing a new strategy focusing on cross-examination rather than prepared speeches. This taught me that leadership is not about having all the answers, but about creating space for others to think critically—a skill I plan to bring to laboratory teamwork in physics.」

對於台灣學生,常見的課外活動包括:

段落 4:個人特質與軟實力(400-600 字)

第四段應總結你的關鍵個人特質,並明確連結到申請科系的學習與職業需求。

應強調的軟實力(根據科系調整):

段落 4 範例(醫學系申請):

「Beyond academic achievement, my time volunteering at a local clinic revealed that clinical excellence requires more than scientific knowledge—it demands empathy, cultural humility, and the ability to communicate complex ideas in simple language. I once struggled to explain a patient’s hypertension diagnosis to her grandmother in Mandarin, forcing me to learn the intersection of linguistic and medical clarity. This experience reinforced my belief that the best doctors are lifelong learners who constantly question their assumptions and adapt to their patients’ needs. I am aware that medicine involves prolonged stress and moral ambiguity; I am prepared for these challenges through my sustained engagement in debating bioethics and by acknowledging—rather than denying—the emotional toll of clinical work.」

段落 5:結尾強化動機(150-250 字)

最後一段應簡潔有力,重申為什麼你是該科系的理想申請人,並表達對該領域的長期承諾(不只是短期興趣)。

避免的結尾方式

好的結尾

「Looking beyond my degree, I aim to pursue a career in infectious disease research, particularly in vaccine development for tropical diseases affecting low-income populations. This ambition is rooted not in abstract idealism, but in concrete experience at a clinic in rural Thailand, where I witnessed the gap between medical innovation and accessibility. I am drawn to your programme because it offers both rigorous research training and a commitment to global health equity. I am ready to bring my scientific rigour, collaborative spirit, and unwavering curiosity to contribute to this mission.」

這個結尾為什麼有效?因為它:

台灣學生最常犯的 5 個 PS 錯誤

錯誤 1:過度抒情,缺乏具體事件

表現:用大量修辭形容詞表達「熱情」,但無法舉出具體事件證明。

範例: 「Since childhood, I have been mesmerised by the wonders of chemistry. The elegance of chemical reactions, the symphony of molecules dancing together, fills my heart with boundless joy and curiosity.」

為什麼失敗

修正版本: 「My fascination with chemistry began in Grade 10 when I noticed that my family’s swimming pool turned brown after heavy rain. I investigated and discovered that rainwater was reacting with the pool’s copper pipes, forming copper oxide. This incident sparked a deeper interest in redox reactions and corrosion chemistry. I subsequently self-studied electrochemistry and designed an experiment to test whether zinc sacrificial anodes could prevent copper corrosion in saltwater environments.」

錯誤 2:流水帳式列舉活動,缺乏深度反思

表現:逐一列舉參加的課外活動,但未說明每項活動如何改變了你的思考或技能。

範例: 「I am the president of the Science Club, a member of the debate team, and volunteer at a local hospital. I enjoy these activities very much and believe they have helped me grow as a person.」

為什麼失敗

修正版本: 「As president of the Science Club, I led the redesign of our competition preparation strategy, shifting from memorisation-focused training to problem-solving workshops. This approach increased our school’s Mathematics Olympiad medals from 2 to 7 within one year. The experience taught me that effective leadership involves challenging conventional approaches, a lesson I will bring to laboratory research where unconventional thinking often yields breakthrough discoveries.」

錯誤 3:未明確連結課外活動與申請科系

表現:描述課外活動,但招生官看不出為什麼這項活動與你申請的科系相關。

範例: (申請物理系,卻寫)「I am captain of the basketball team. Basketball has taught me teamwork and discipline, which are important for success in any field.」

為什麼失敗

修正版本: 「As basketball captain, I led my team to analyse game data using physics principles—calculating the optimal shooting angle to maximise success rate, modelling ball trajectory under air resistance, and optimising player positioning based on force distribution. This project revealed to me that sports and physics are inseparable, and reinforced my commitment to physics as a discipline that can explain and improve real-world phenomena.」

錯誤 4:對科系的理解過於表面

表現:說喜歡科系,但缺乏對該科系具體內容、應用方向、研究方法的認識。

範例: (申請商科)「Business is important for the economy. I want to study business to become successful and earn a good living.」

為什麼失敗

修正版本: 「My interest in business was crystallised by analysing the 2023 bankruptcy of FTX. I studied the organisational culture that led to such catastrophic moral failure despite technological innovation, and realised that business success depends not only on financial metrics but on ethical governance and stakeholder responsibility. I am particularly interested in how corporate social responsibility and stakeholder capitalism are reshaping business strategy. I plan to specialise in sustainable finance and impact investing, using business as a tool for addressing climate change rather than merely maximising shareholder returns.」

錯誤 5:PS 內容與成績、推薦信不一致

表現:PS 聲稱某項能力或成就,但推薦信未提及;或 PS 強調的興趣與實際成績不符。

範例: PS 中寫「I am the founder of a coding club and have led 50 students in learning Python programming」,但推薦信中老師未提及此項成就,或推薦信反映你的計算機成績平平。

為什麼失敗

預防方法: 在提交 PS 前,與推薦信老師分享初稿。確保老師知道你在 PS 中強調的活動與成就,並在推薦信中予以確認與詳細描述。

分科系的 PS 寫作特色

不同科系的招生官有不同的期待。針對主流科系,以下是 PS 寫作的分科提示:

理工科(工程、物理、化學、計算機)

招生官期待:對科學原理的深入理解、自主學習證據、邏輯推理能力

建議強調

範例關鍵詞:differential equations, algorithm, prototype, simulation, hypothesis, falsification, peer-reviewed research

醫學與生命科學

招生官期待:臨床同情心、倫理思考、應對壓力的準備、對醫學科學基礎的理解

建議強調

範例關鍵詞:empathy, clinical observation, bioethics, pathophysiology, holistic care, patient autonomy

商科與經濟

招生官期待:批判性經濟分析、對商業倫理的思考、國際視野、數據分析能力

建議強調

範例關鍵詞:market disruption, stakeholder analysis, ESG, quantitative reasoning, business ethics, emerging markets

人文社科(歷史、英文文學、哲學、國際關係)

招生官期待:批判性思維、論證清晰性、文化敏感度、對複雜問題的多視角理解

建議強調

範例關鍵詞:historiography, textual analysis, historiographical argument, positionality, decolonisation, nuanced perspective

PS 修稿的迭代過程

優秀 PS 不是一次成稿,而是多次修改與反饋的結果。推薦迭代流程:

第一稿(8 月):自由創作,不受字數限制,盡量輸出想法。

第二稿(8 月下旬):邀請 1-2 位英文老師審閱,重點關注邏輯、語法、用詞自然度。

第三稿(9 月上旬):邀請 1 位推薦信老師讀稿,確保 PS 內容與推薦信一致。

第四稿(9 月中旬):自己朗讀全文,檢視每個段落的節奏感、是否有冗余句子、邏輯轉折是否自然。

定稿(9 月底):上傳至 UCAS 系統,保存原檔案備份。

常見 PS 錯誤的檢查清單

提交前,自檢以下項目:

項目檢查內容
開場是否在前 100 字內用具體事件吸引招生官注意?
具體性是否充滿具體事件、數據、引用,而非抽象觀點?
深度是否展現對科系的深入理解,而非表面興趣?
連結課外活動是否明確連結到申請科系?
一致性PS 內容是否與推薦信、成績單一致?
字數是否控制在 3500-4000 字,避免過長或過短?
語言是否避免中文思維表達、過度修辭、冗余句子?
獨特性是否體現你的獨特個性,而非人人通用的句子?
結尾是否清晰指出長期目標,而非籠統宣言?

結論

Personal Statement 是台灣學生展現真實自我、區別於其他申請人的唯一機會。好的 PS 需要具體事件、深度反思、清晰論證、獨特聲音。避免抒情詞藻、籠統描述、活動堆砌,轉而用故事、數據、論証說話。給自己充分時間修稿,邀請多位老師與朋友審閱,並勇於推翻初稿、重新開始。

記住:英國大學想要了解的不是「你認為自己應該是什麼樣」,而是「你真實是什麼樣」。誠實、具體、深思,是高分 PS 的三個核心要素。


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